Lady in Costume Figurine

Porcelain is a noble and the most refined type of ceramics. It is fashioned from a blend of various clay varieties, primarily composed of kaolin. The body is either coated with a transparent glaze or left unglazed, which is known as biscuit porcelain. The wares undergo at least two main stages of thermal treatment and are fired at exceptionally high temperatures. Fine ceramic objects are characterised by their white colour, resonance, strength, and translucency. Two fundamentally different decoration methods are employed in its production: relief modelling and painting.
Porcelain originated in China around the 6th–7th centuries, where the secret of its manufacture was closely guarded. Chinese porcelain items reached Europe during the Middle Ages and were valued more highly than gold, which later earned them the moniker "white gold". For centuries, European masters attempted to replicate this material, creating only fragile, soft imitations instead. The secret of the Chinese craftsmen was finally unlocked only at the beginning of the 18th century in Saxony.
The first manufacture in Europe to produce hard-paste porcelain was founded in 1710 by the Saxon Elector and King of Poland, Augustus II the Strong, near Dresden in the town of Meissen. Its establishment followed the development of kaolin clay mines and the invention of the porcelain paste recipe in 1709 by the alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger. Throughout the 18th century, the Meissen manufacture experienced its most illustrious period of flourish, shaped by the work of such prominent masters as Johann Gregor Höroldt, Johann Gottlieb Kirchner, Johann Joachim Kändler, Michel Victor Acier, and others. This was an era of bold experimentation, technological refinement, and the creation of iconic models.
Apart from the world-renowned Meissen Porcelain Manufactory, numerous other porcelain factories operated throughout Germany. Chief among these was the Royal Porcelain Factory in Berlin (KPM). No less popular was the production of the enterprises in Dresden, Nymphenburg, Volkstedt, Ludwigsburg, Frankenthal, and Selb.
Subsequently, porcelain technology spread beyond the German lands, finding its unique expression in the practice of many other leading European manufactories. In particular, a significant place within the European context was held by the historic Dutch Amstel enterprise, which operated in the Amsterdam region in the late 18th and early 19th centuries (from 1784 until 1814). The manufactory produced tea, coffee, and dinner services, alongside refined figurines in small quantities. Amstel products were distinguished by accomplished shapes in the Classicist style.
The exhibited "Lady in Costume Figurine" masterfully depicts a noblewoman in traditional Renaissance attire with a high ruff collar, a yellow overcoat with decorative puffs, and a voluminous skirt with a vibrant floral pattern. This elegant subject is frequently identified as a depiction of Catherine de' Medici (1519–1589), Queen of France and wife of King Henry II, rendered by the Amstel masters. The base of the piece features the signature underglaze blue Amstel mark, executed as a handwritten script.

Borys Voznytskyi Lviv National Art Gallery