The plot of the painting is based on Ovid's "The Art of Love". It describes how Diana visited the shepherd Endymion every night when he was sleeping. The goddess deliberately put him to sleep so she could enjoy herself with him. The picture represents a sleeping Endymion and Diana, who has descended on a cloud to visit him. She delicately touches him with her hand. Two dogs accompanying the goddess, and three cupids personifying the love content of the plot, are shown on the side. The myth, depicted on the canvas, became important in 18th-century painting due to its popularisation in literary and theatrical subjects by the Academy of Arcadia's members, particularly Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni.