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Tityrus and Menalcas. Farewell to Autumn

Daniel Chodowiecki

  • Tityrus and Menalcas. Farewell to Autumn
Basic information
ID
Г-IV-2712
Author
Daniel Chodowiecki
Name
Tityrus and Menalcas. Farewell to Autumn
Country
Germany
Technique
etching
Material
paper on cardboard
Dimensions
6.8 x 5 cm (height x width)
Additionally
Type
graphic art
Genre
pastoral allegory
Provenance
Purchased from O. Bushel, 1977
Information about author
Author
Daniel Chodowiecki
Artist's lifetime
1726–1801
Country
Poland, Germany
Biography
Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki (1726, Gdańsk – 1801, Berlin) – a Polish-German artist, printmaker and painter, a master of etching and book illustration, a representative of the academic movement, and one of the leading exponents of sentimentalism in 18th-century German art.
The artist's father was a merchant, a descendant of a noble family. His mother came from a family of Swiss Huguenots. The young Daniel, continuing the family tradition, began working as a merchant. At the age of 17, he went to Berlin for a commercial apprenticeship, where he spent most of his life. Towards the end of his career, he became the director of the Prussian Academy of Arts (Preußische Akademie der Künste).
In the 1750s, the artist developed an interest in painting, and later in printmaking, becoming one of the leading book illustrators. Between 1770 and 1774, together with Johann Bernhard Basedow, the founder of the philanthropic movement in education, he worked on the four-volume publication "Elementary Textbook for Young People" ("Elementarwerk für die Jugend"). Chodowiecki created over 100 illustrations for it using the copper engraving technique, including some dedicated to the Crusades.
In 1781, the artist produced 12 illustrations for a play by Gustav Friedrich Wilhelm Großmann entitled "No More Than Six Dishes" ("Nicht mehr als sechs Schüsseln"). This comedy, with its strongly social-critical undertones, is considered one of the earliest outstanding dramatic works in German bourgeois literature.
Around 2,000 engravings by Chodowiecki on various subjects, executed in the techniques of etching and copper engraving, have survived to this day. One of his contemporaries wrote that, were it not for Chodowiecki's illustrations, countless books would never have found their readers. The artist created a large number of painted and graphic portraits, as well as genre scenes of burgher life, mostly executed in pen and ink. The total number of the artist's surviving drawings amounts to around 4,000.
Daniel Chodowiecki's works are held in Germany – at the Kupferstichkabinett (Museum of Prints and Drawings) in Berlin, the Museum of Fine Arts in Leipzig, and the Städel Museum in Frankfurt; in Poland – at the National Museum in Gdańsk; in Ukraine – at Borys Voznytskyi Lviv National Art Gallery, Vasyl Stefanyk Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine and the Kharkiv Art Museum, as well as in museums in Washington, Madrid and London.
Object description
The print was created for the Berlin pocket "Genealogischer Calender" for the year 1773. Tityrus and Menalcas are classical characters from Virgil's ancient pastorals. During the 18th-century Enlightenment, they acquired an allegorical meaning, personifying nature, specifically its revival and decline. In this composition, the artist focuses on the figure of the elderly shepherd, Tityrus, who sits on a stone beneath a wide-spreading old tree, wearing a wide-brimmed hat. He thoughtfully raises his hand. At his feet on the left, a young boy leans close, clasping the old man's hand. This gesture can be interpreted as a symbolic desire to prevent the fading of nature and life as a whole. Below, the words of the old shepherd are quoted in French: "Bel automne peut-être / ne te reverrai-je plus" – [Beautiful autumn, perhaps I shall see you no more].
Inscriptions
Below the image, on the left, the number "10" is engraved. On the reverse of the cardboard mount – the inventory number of the Lviv Picture Gallery written in pencil. Below the image, the title of the work: "Tityre et Ménalque". Below on the right, the print number: "ID XVIII".
Legal regulation
Borys Voznytskyi Lviv National Art Gallery

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